tailieunhanh - Báo cáo khoa học: Bone morphogenetic protein signaling in stem cells ) one signal, many consequences

Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signals play key roles throughout embryology, from the earliest patterning events, via tissue specification, through organ development and again in germ cell differentiation. While both input and the transducer molecules are rather well studied, the final outcome of a BMP signal is basically unpredictable and differs enormously between previously studied cell types. | MINIREVIEW Bone morphogenetic protein signaling in stem cells - one signal many consequences Toni U. Wagner PhysiologicalChemistry I University of Wuerzburg Germany Keywords apoptosis BMP differentiation pluripotency signaling stem cells Correspondence T. U. Wagner PhysiologicalChemistry I University of Wuerzburg 97070 Wuerzburg Germany Fax 49 931 888 4150 Tel 49 931 888 4165 E-mail . Website http . pc pc1 Bone morphogenetic protein BMP signals play key roles throughout embryology from the earliest patterning events via tissue specification through organ development and again in germ cell differentiation. While both input and the transducer molecules are rather well studied the final outcome of a BMP signal is basically unpredictable and differs enormously between previously studied cell types. As already suggested by their name BMPs exhibit most of their known functions on stem cells and precursor cells usually driving them into various types of differentiation or death. In this minireview some prime examples of BMP effects on several very different stem-cell types are discussed. Received 1 December 2006 revised 29 March 2007 accepted 19 April 2007 doi BMP signals in stem cells Bone morphogenetic protein BMP signals have tremendous effects on all kinds of cells. Most striking and defining however are the reactions that stem and progenitor cells show upon exposure to BMP ligands. Various stem cell types utilize BMP signals in a multitude of ways in order to define their fates. The integration of this pathway with a variety of other signals is still poorly understood but recent discoveries strongly suggest that stem cell niches areas with a certain signal-molecule cocktail are responsible for the final outcome of BMP signaling be it by modulating the ligand itself or the cascade transducing the signal within the cell. Regulation of BMP signaling is seen at all .