tailieunhanh - Infectious Diseases of the Head and Neck

The antecedent history of viral URI likely contributes to the specificity of these symptoms for ABRS, but the extent to which this is true has not been quantified. Similarly, although the differential diagnosis of isolated nasal obstruction or facial pain is broad (and beyond the scope of this guideline), the specificity for ABRS increases when coupled with concurrent purulent nasal discharge (Table 5). For example, migraine headaches, tension headaches, and dental abscess can mimic rhinosinusitis pain, but the absence of purulent nasal discharge excludes this diagnosis based on our definition. Additional signs and symptoms of ABRS include fe- ver, cough, fatigue (malaise), hyposomia, anosmia, max- illary dental pain, and ear fullness or. | Microbiology and Infectious Disease Head and Neck Infections Infectious Diseases of the Head and Neck A Review Kathleen T. Montone MD Key Words Infectious diseases Head and neck Bacteria Fungus Protozoa Virus DOI 6BBT12WGNK77N4EH Abstract A variety of infectious diseases may involve head and neck structures. These include bacterial viral fungal and protozoal infections. This article describes the pathologic features of a variety of infectious diseases that surgical pathologists may encounter in analysis of tissue specimens from the head and neck area. Bacterial Infections Bacterial Sinusitis and Tonsillitis Acute and chronic sinus infections are most commonly caused by bacterial organisms including Streptococcus pneumoniae Haemophilus influenzae Moraxella catarrhalis Staphylococcus aureus other streptococcal strains and anaerobic These infections may manifest acutely and are most often treated with antibiotics without need for surgery. Immunosuppressed patients are at risk for other bacterial infections such as Pseudomonas species Hmage 11. Patients with repeated infections may develop chronic sinusitis infections 12 weeks in duration which may require surgical intervention to open the sinonasal passageways. Histologically the sinonasal mucosa in chronic sinusitis shows chronic inflammation fibrosis vascular congestion stromal edema and cystic dilatation of the submucosal Sinusitis with an allergic cause may show numerous eosinophils. In addition there may be basement membrane thickening goblet cell hyperplasia and dystrophic True sinonasal inflammatory polyp formation may be observed. The bony tissue may show reactive changes. Histologic changes similar to those seen in chronic osteomyelitis have been Although bacteria are considered the cause of chronic sinusitis the exact mechanism of infection has yet to be determined. One study suggested that direct invasion of the mucosa by the bacterial pathogens .

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