tailieunhanh - Definitions of Petroleum Products and Other Terms (Revised March 2007)

For certain commodities, such as wheat and cotton, the farmers can get Government nonrecourse loans. The farmers can redeem the loans and sell when prices are good. Or they may permit the Government to take title to the commodity at the loan-maturity date; then the farmers have received the benefit of the full loan value. The Government assumes all market price risk below the loan value. Another device is to sell products for later delivery. A wheat miller might sell flour to bakeries for later delivery at the price prevailing when he. | Definitions of Petroleum Products and Other Terms Revised March 2007 Alcohol. The family name of a group of organic chemical compounds composed of carbon hydrogen and oxygen. The series of molecules vary in chain length and are composed of a hydrocarbon plus a hydroxyl group CH3- CH2 n-OH . methanol ethanol and tertiary butyl alcohol . Alkylate. The product of an alkylation reaction. It usually refers to the high octane product from alkylation units. This alkylate is used in blending high octane gasoline. Alkylation. A refining process for chemically combining isobutane with olefin hydrocarbons . propylene butylene through the control of temperature and pressure in the presence of an acid catalyst usually sulfuric acid or hydrofluoric acid. The product alkylate an isoparaffin has high octane value and is blended with motor and aviation gasoline to improve the antiknock value of the fuel. All Other Motor Gasoline Blending Components. See Motor Gasoline Blending Components. API Gravity. An arbitrary scale expressing the gravity or density of liquid petroleum products. The measuring scale is calibrated in terms of degrees API it may be calculated in terms of the following formula Degrees API -1315 The higher the API gravity the lighter the compound. Light crudes generally exceed 38 degrees API and heavy crudes are commonly labeled as all crudes with an API gravity of 22 degrees or below. Intermediate crudes fall in the range of 22 degrees to 38 degrees API gravity. Aromatics. Hydrocarbons characterized by unsaturated ring structures of carbon atoms. Commercial petroleum aromatics are benzene toluene and xylene BTX . Asphalt. A dark-brown-to-black cement-like material containing bitumens as the predominant constituent obtained by petroleum processing used primarily for road construction. It includes crude asphalt as well as the following finished products cements fluxes the asphalt content of emulsions exclusive of water and petroleum distillates blended .

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