tailieunhanh - 0750 PUBLIC GOODS AND CLUB GOODS

The value for software losses due to counterfeiting in the European Union was estimated to be approximately $11 billion in 2006 compared with losses of $ billion in the USA (Business Software Alliance, 2007). A similar story is apparent for the film industry with the Motion Picture Association of America reporting, through a survey of 22 countries, losses to its member studios of $ billion in 2005, with $ billion of that being made up of internet piracy. In the UK it has been estimated that the government lost approximately $176 million worth in tax revenue during 2005 because. | 0750 Public Goods and Club Goods Patrick McNutt Chairperson Competition Authority Dublin and Research Associate Department of Political Science University of Dublin Copyright 1999 Patrick McNutt Abstract Public goods contrast with private goods. Pure public goods have the unique characteristics of non-excludability and non-rivalry in consumption while private goods are sold to those who can afford to pay the market price. The under-supply equilibrium of a public goods provision is an important aspect of the provision of public goods. The economic theory of clubs represents an attempt to explain the under-supply equilibrium of a public goods provision. It raises many different and controversial issues which impinge on government policy in the public sector. In many respects a club provision proffers an alternative to a central government provision of local public goods. The salient characteristic of a club the excludability factor may militate against an equal and democratic distribution of the club good. At the level of voluntary clubs with which Buchanan was originally concerned club theory can critically appraise the efforts at achieving optimal membership of the club and the maximum utility of club members. As the literature introduces increasing problems with cooperation then it behoves law and economics scholars to research and develop non-market and or non-cooperative solutions to an optimal provision of public goods. JEL classification D60 D71 K00. Keywords Free Rider Pareto Optimality Club Goods Excludability and Non-rivalry Coase Theorem Homogeneity 1. Introduction Pure public goods as originally defined by Samuelson 1954 have the unique characteristics of non-excludability and non-rivalry in consumption. Public goods contrast with private goods public goods are non-excludable and non-rivalrous in consumption while private goods are sold to those who can afford to pay the market price. The market price excludes some consumers while the property of .

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