tailieunhanh - The Entrepreneurial Event Revisited: firm formation in a regional context

Gaps in current knowledge To strengthen current knowledge, particularly on effectiveness, cost/benefit analysis and the impact on health of WHP programmes, further research is needed. The development of simple and easy-to-use validated instruments for diet and physical activity evaluation is encouraged. There needs to be further exploration of how the evidence- based diet and physical activity interventions are applied in workplaces that are in different geographic locations, and that vary in terms of governmental structure, literacy levels and social norms around different health behaviours. Identifying and publishing case reports and examples of international WHP programmes can also constitute supportive information that will help planners better understand how to develop global programmes. . | The Entrepreneurial Event Revisited Firm Formation in a Regional Context Maryann P. Feldman Johns Hopkins University 136 New Engineering Building 3400 N. Charles Street Baltimore MD 21217. Email Industrial and Corporate Change Volume 10 Number 4 2001 This paper outlines the development of an entrepreneurial culture in the US Capitol region and the formation of a regional industrial cluster. The conditions that the literature associates with entrepreneurship lag rather than lead the development of the cluster. Supportive social capital venture capital and entrepreneurial support services as well as actively engaged research universities are conditions that reflect the successful establishment of an entrepreneurial culture built by the actions of pioneering entrepreneurs who often adapted to constructive crisis. 1. Introduction Entrepreneurship and new firm formation is central to current thinking about economic growth especially at the regional level and specifically in the formation of regional clusters of industrial innovation. Startup firms are the embodiment of innovation especially for radical new technologies that are not easily absorbed into existing firms Audretsch 1995 . New industries such as semiconductors microcomputers biotechnology and information and communications technologies ICT have largely developed in geographically defined clusters and although this phenomenon is certainly not new places with such colorful names as Silicon Valley Medical Alley or Research Triangle have captured the public imagination as the vehicle for industrial change and economic development. A focal point for development policy is creating attributes that mimic the characteristics of successful locations. Typically government policy aims to leverage the presence of local research universities increase the availability of venture capital encourage a culture of risk taking and create strong local informational and business development networks. Once .