tailieunhanh - Báo cáo y học: " Number of addictive substances used related to increased risk of unnatural death: A combined medico-legal and case-record study"

Tuyển tập báo cáo các nghiên cứu khoa học quốc tế ngành y học dành cho các bạn tham khảo đề tài: Number of addictive substances used related to increased risk of unnatural death: A combined medico-legal and case-record study | BMC Psychiatry BioMed Central Open Access Research article Number of addictive substances used related to increased risk of unnatural death A combined medico-legal and case-record study Louise Brâdvik1 Mats Berglund 2 Arne Frank2 Anna Lindgren3 and Peter Lowenhielm4 Address 1Clinical Sciences Lund Sweden 2Clinical Alcohol Research Malmo Sweden 3Centre for Mathematical Sciences Lund Sweden and 4Forensic Medicine Lund Sweden Email Louise Brâdvik - louise@ Mats Berglund - Arne Frank - Anna Lindgren - anna@ Peter Lowenhielm - Corresponding author Published 4 August 2009 Received 9 December 2008 BMC Psychiatry 2009 9 48 doi 1471-244X-9-48 Accepted 4 August 2009 This article is available from http 1471-244X 9 48 2009 Brádvik et al licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http licenses by which permits unrestricted use distribution and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Background Substance use disorders have repeatedly been found to lead to premature death . drug-related death by disease fatal intoxications or trauma accidents suicide undetermined suicide and homicide . The present study examined the relationship between multi-drug substance use and natural and unnatural death. Methods All consecutive autopsied patients who had been in contact with the Addiction Centre in Malmo University Hospital from 1993 to 1997 inclusive were investigated. Drug abuse was investigated blindly in the case records and related to the cause of death in 387 subjects. Results Every substance apart from alcohol used previously in life added to the risk of unnatural death in a linear way. There were independent increased risks of fatal heroin overdoses or undetermined suicide. Death by suicide and violent .