tailieunhanh - Structure and Function in Agroecosystem Design and Management - Chapter 7

Arbuscular nấm rễ (AM) nấm là thành phần quan trọng được công nhận như của các hệ thống nông nghiệp như một hệ quả của vai trò của họ trong nhà máy khoáng sản dinh dưỡng, bệnh động lực gốc, và màu mỡ của đất. Trong khi đó Nói chung là Đồng ý Đó AM nấm là một phần cần thiết của hệ sinh thái nông nghiệp, có là chỉ giới hạn sự hiểu biết như thế nào để tích hợp và Duy trì hiệu quả AM Trong thời hạn năm hệ thống canh tác nấm hàng năm. . | 920103_CRC20_0904_CH07 1 13 01 10 54 AM ge 145 CHAPTER 7 Agroecology of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Activity John C. Zak and Bobbie McMichael CONTENTS Factors Impacting Root Growth and AM Soil Soil Nutrient Impacts of Management Tillage. . . . . .149 Crop Rotation .151 Inoculum Herbicide and Pesticide Effects .154 Varietal Responses and Breeding Programs .156 Role of AM Fungi in Soil Stability .156 Is Management of AM Fungi Practical .158 References .161 INTRODUCTION Arbuscular mycorrhizal AM fungi are recognized as important components of agricultural systems as a consequence of their roles in plant mineral nutrition root disease dynamics and soil fertility. While it is generally agreed that AM fungi are a necessary component of agricultural ecosystems there is only limited understanding as to how to integrate and maintain efficient AM fungi within an annual cropping system. Moreover our understanding of the 0-8493-0904-2 01 .50 2001 by CRC Press LLC 145 920103_CRC20_0904_CH07 1 13 01 10 54 AM Page 146 146 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION IN AGROECOSYSTEMS DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT dynamics of AM fungi within an agricultural context applies only to several types of cropping systems under a limited number of climatic conditions. Based on the information that has been collected over the last decade the importance of AM fungi in various cropping systems is being taken more seriously particularly as production of some crops moves toward low-input sustainable systems. The importance of AM fungi seems to be more crucial for these low input systems than in the traditional high input production systems where breeding has selected for genotypes that respond to high fertilizer and water inputs. However as the cost of chemical inputs and irrigation continues to increase and as researchers assess the sustainability of traditional farming practices the benefits of AM fungi in an overall .