tailieunhanh - Antiarrhythmic Drugs A practical guide – Part 5

Một số tương tác thuốc đã được nhìn thấy với phenytoin. Phenytoin làm tăng nồng độ trong huyết tương của theophylline, quinidine, disopyramide, lidocaine, và mexiletin. Phenytoin mức tăng cimetidine, isoniazid, sulfonamides, amiodarone. Có thể giảm nồng độ phenytoin trong huyết tương của theophylline. | Class I antiarrhythmic drugs 71 Several drug interactions have been seen with phenytoin. Phenytoin increases plasma levels of theophylline quinidine disopyra-mide lidocaine and mexiletine. Phenytoin levels are increased by cimetidine isoniazid sulfonamides and amiodarone. Plasma levels of phenytoin can be reduced by theophylline. Like other Class IB drugs phenytoin rarely causes proarrhythmia. Class IC Class IC drugs generated much excitement in the early to late 1980s because they are very effective in suppressing both atrial and ventricular tachyarrhythmias and generally cause only mild end-organ toxicity. When the proarrhythmic potential of Class IC drugs was more fully appreciated however the drugs quickly fell out of favor and one encainide was taken off the market entirely. As shown in Figure Class IC drugs have a relatively pronounced effect on the rapid sodium channel because of their slow sodium-channel-binding kinetics. Thus they significantly slow conduction velocity even at normal heart rates. They have only a modest effect on repolarization. Class IC drugs have similar effects on Figure Effect of Class IC drugs on the cardiac action potential. Baseline action potential is displayed as a solid line the dashed line indicates the effect of Class IC drugs. 72 Chapter 3 Table Clinical pharmacology of Class IC drugs Flecainide Propafenone Moricizine GI absorption 90 90 90 Protein binding 40 90 90 Elimination 70 liver 30 kidneys Liver Liver metabolized to 2 dozen compounds Half-life 12-24 h 6-7 h Variable usually 3-12 h Therapeutic level g mL g mL Dosage range 100-200 mg q12h 150-300 mg q8h 200-300 mg q8h both atrial and ventricular tissue and are useful for both atrial and ventricular tachyarrhythmias. The major clinical features of Class IC antiarrhythmic drugs are summarized in Table and the major electrophysiologic properties are shown in Table . Flecainide Flecainide was synthesized in 1972 and approved by the FDA in .

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