tailieunhanh - Natural Wastewater Treatment Systems - Chapter 8

Hệ thống xử lý đất đai Hệ thống xử lý đất đai bao gồm nhịp chậm (SR), lưu lượng đường bộ (OF), tầng nước ngầm và điều trị đất (SAT) hoặc xâm nhập nhanh (RI). Ngoài ra, trên trang web hệ thống hấp thụ đất Bàn luận trong Chương 10 Điều trị đất Sử dụng cơ chế. 8,1 CÁC LOẠI HỆ THỐNG TRỊ ĐẤT Quá trình điều trị là đất Việc áp dụng kiểm soát nước thải vào đất để Đạt được điều trị của các thành phần trong nước thải. Tất cả ba quá trình sử dụng tự nhiên vật lý, hóa. | Q Land Treatment Systems Land treatment systems include slow rate SR overland flow OF and soil aquifer treatment SAT or rapid infiltration RI . In addition the on-site soil absorption systems discussed in Chapter 10 utilize soil treatment mechanisms. TYPES OF LAND TREATMENT SYSTEMS The process of land treatment is the controlled application of wastewater to soil to achieve treatment of constituents in the wastewater. All three processes use the natural physical chemical and biological mechanisms within the soil-plant-water matrix. The SR and SAT processes use the soil matrix for treatment after infiltration of the wastewater the major difference between the processes being the rate at which the wastewater is loaded onto the site. The OF process uses the soil surface and vegetation for treatment with limited percolation and the treated effluent is collected as surface runoff at the bottom of the slope. The characteristics of these systems are compared in Table and the treatment performance expectations were summarized in Table in Chapter 1. Slow-Rate Systems The slow rate process is the oldest and most widely used land treatment technology. The process evolved from sewage farming in Europe in the sixteenth century to a recognized wastewater treatment system in England in the 1860s Jewell and Seabrook 1979 . By the 1880s the United States had a number of slow-rate systems. In a survey of 143 wastewater facilities in 1899 slow rate land treatments systems were the most frequently used form of treatment Rafter 1899 . Slow rate land treatment was rediscovered at Penn State in the mid-1960s Sopper and Kardos 1973 . By the 1970s both the . Environmental Protection Agency USEPA and the . Corps of Engineers had invested in land treatment research and development Pound and Crites 1973 Reed 1972 . By the late 1970s a number of long-term effects studies on slow-rate systems had been conducted Reed and Crites 1984 . A list of selected municipal slow-rate