tailieunhanh - Natural Wastewater Treatment Systems - Chapter 3

Quy trình trả lời cơ bản và tương tác Chương này mô tả các phản ứng cơ bản và tương tác Trong số các thành phần chất thải và các thành phần của hệ thống quá trình điều trị tự nhiên. Nhiều người trong số những câu trả lời chung cho nhiều hơn một trong những khái niệm và do điều trị Bàn luận trong chương này. Nếu chất thải được là Yếu tố Hạn chế cho thiết kế, Nó cũng là Bàn luận chi tiết trong thiết kế chương trình phù hợp. Các nước là hình thức chủ yếu của. | 3 Basic Process Responses and Interactions This chapter describes the basic responses and interactions among the waste constituents and process components of natural treatment systems. Many of these responses are common to more than one of the treatment concepts and are therefore discussed in this chapter. If a waste constituent is the limiting factor for design it is also discussed in detail in the appropriate process design chapter. Water is the major constituent of all of the wastes of concern in this book as even a dried sludge can contain more than 50 water. The presence of water is a volumetric concern for all treatment methods but it has even greater significance for many of the natural treatment concepts because the flow path and the flow rate control the successful performance of the system. Other waste constituents of major concern include the simple carbonaceous organics dissolved and suspended toxic and hazardous organics pathogens trace metals nutrients nitrogen phosphorus potassium and other micronutrients. The natural system components that provide the critical reactions and responses include bacteria protozoa . algae vegetation aquatic and terrestrial and the soil. The responses involved include a range of physical chemical and biological reactions. WATER MANAGEMENT Major concerns of water management include the potential for travel of contaminants with groundwater the risk of leakage from ponds and other aquatic systems the potential for groundwater mounding beneath a land treatment system the need for drainage and the maintenance of design flow conditions in ponds wetlands and other aquatic systems. Fundamental Relationships Chapter 2 introduced some of the hydraulic parameters . permeability that are important to natural systems and discussed methods for their determination in the field or laboratory. It is necessary to provide further details and definition before undertaking any flow analysis. 43 2006 by Taylor Francis Group LLC