tailieunhanh - Báo cáo hóa học: " Environmental risk assessment of genetically modified plants - concepts and controversies"

Tuyển tập báo cáo các nghiên cứu khoa học quốc tế ngành hóa học dành cho các bạn yêu hóa học tham khảo đề tài: Environmental risk assessment of genetically modified plants - concepts and controversies | Hilbeck et al. Environmental Sciences Europe 2011 23 13 http content 23 1 13 o Environmental Sciences Europe a SpringerOpen Journal REVIEW Open Access Environmental risk assessment of genetically modified plants - concepts and controversies A Z i I I Iz-S I_I I I lz 1h EEpi xr K I z IZMZ2 I D A m Izzx3 hz A I I r A3 I_I -X lx I X- I r kx rn nn4 Dz -X rixz I -X k-x k-x zx r zx z4 Angelika HilbecK Matthias Meier Jorg RombKe Stepnan Jdnscn HanKa Teicnmann Beatrix Tappeser Abstract Background and purpose In Europe the EU Directive 2001 18 EC lays out the main provisions of environmental risk assessment ERA of genetically modified GM organisms that are interpreted very differently by different stakeholders. The purpose of this paper is to a describe the current implementation of ERA of GM plants in the EU and its scientific shortcomings b present an improved ERA concept through the integration of a previously developed selection procedure for identification of non-target testing organisms into the ERA framework as laid out in the EU Directive 2001 18 EC and its supplement material Commission Decision 2002 623 EC c describe the activities to be carried out in each component of the ERA and d propose a hierarchical testing scheme. Lastly we illustrate the outcomes for three different crop case examples. Main features Implementation of the current ERA concept of GM crops in the EU is based on an interpretation of the EU regulations that focuses almost exclusively on the isolated bacteria-produced novel proteins with little consideration of the whole plant. Therefore testing procedures for the effect assessment of GM plants on non-target organisms largely follow the ecotoxicological testing strategy developed for pesticides. This presumes that any potential adverse effect of the whole GM plant and the plant-produced novel compound can be extrapolated from testing of the isolated bacteria-produced novel compound or can be detected in agronomic field trials.