tailieunhanh - Integrating sexual and reproductive health into health emergency and disaster risk management

Because the scope of modern medical knowledge is vast, medical school graduates undergo additional training before entering clinical practice. Those choosing to become specialists take at least three years of residency training. The American Board of Medical Specialties establishes criteria for its member organizations, such as the American Board of Obstetrics and Gynecology (ABOG). In turn, ABOG sets high standards for training and performance for those physicians who wish to work in this specialty | October 2012 Integrating sexual and reproductive health into health emergency and disaster risk management Policy Brief Sexual and reproductive health SRH is a significant public health need in all communities including those facing emergencies Background Emergencies and large-scale disasters have significant impact on public health health infrastructure and the delivery of health care. More than million deaths were recorded in over 4000 large-scale natural disasters in the past decade1 while an average of over 220 million people were affected each More than billion people live in countries affected by fragility conflict or large-scale In 2012 it is estimated at least 51 million people in 16 countries require some form of humanitarian This is not the full picture as numerous other emergencies including epidemics chemical and radiological incidents and major transport crashes also affect public health particularly at the local level but often with national and international dimensions too. Economic losses from these events run into the billions of dollars setting back social development and hard-earned health gains. Emergencies have a disproportionate effect on the poorest and most vulnerable particularly women and children. Eight of the ten countries with the highest maternal mortality ratios in the world are in fragile circumstances and are affected by current or recent Neonatal mortality rates are highest in areas affected by humanitarian Given the high HIV prevalence in countries at risk or facing emergencies a significant proportion of people affected by emergencies are living with HIV. Emergencies linked to displacement food insecurity and poverty increase vulnerability to HIV and negatively affect the lives of those already living with Population pressures combined with poorly planned urban and rural development and climate change make communities more vulnerable to and increase the risk of

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