tailieunhanh - The Reproductive Value in Distributed Optimal Control Models

Aprofession is characterized by skill based on a unique body of knowledge, a code of ethics, and a social contract with society or government that grants it a certain degree of autonomy in exchange for self-regulation. The responsibilities of self-regulation in the medical profession are complex and involve many levels of oversight aimed at guaranteeing the continuing competence of practicing physicians. Today, professional associations in the United States play a significant role in upholding the ethical, educational, scientific, and practice standards of the medical profession. In reproductive medicine, as in other fields of medicine, highly respected physicians participate in accreditation, certification, and membership organizations that promote quality and protect patient. | VIENNA INSTITUTE OF DEMOGRAPHY Working Papers 4 12009 Stefan Wrzaczek Michael Kuhn Alexia Prskawetz and Gustav Feichtinger The Reproductive Value in Distributed Optimal Control Models fL Vienna Institute of Demography Vienna Institute of Demography Austrian Academy of Sciences Wohllebengasse 12-14 A-1040 Vienna Austria E-Mail vid@ Website vid jgjjggglgjl ImiTMl OAW Austrian Academy of Sciences Abstract We show that in a large class of distributed optimal control models DOCM where population is described by a McKendrick type equation with an endogenous number of newborns the reproductive value of Fisher shows up as part of the shadow price of the population. Depending on the objective function the reproductive value may be negative. Moreover we show results of the reproductive value for changing vital rates. To motivate and demonstrate the general framework we provide examples in health economics epidemiology and population biology. Keywords Reproductive value distributed optimal control theory McKendrick shadow price indirect effect health economics epidemiology population biology Authors Stefan Wrzaczek corresponding author Vienna University of Technology Institute of Mathematical Methods in Economics research group on Operations Research and Control Systems. Email wrzaczek@ Michael Kuhn Austrian Academy of Sciences Vienna Institute of Demography. Email Alexia Prskawetz Vienna University of Technology Institute of Mathematical Methods in Economics research group on Economics. Email afp@ Gustav Feichtinger Vienna University of Technology Institute of Mathematical Methods in Economics research group on Operations Research and Control Systems. Email gustav@ Acknowledgements This research was partly financed by the Austrian Science Fund under contract number P18161-N13 Control of heterogeneous systems . The Reproductive Value in Distributed Optimal .

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