tailieunhanh - Biosecurity protocols for the prevention of spread of porcine reproductive and  respiratory syndrome virus 

Additionally, the medical profession exercises significant self-regulation to assure the continuing competence of practicing physicians. Specialists in reproductive medicine are certified by the American Board of Obstetrics and Gynecology or the American Board of Urology after completing residency training and passing examinations. They may achieve subspecialty certification with additional training in infertility and endocrinology. Continuing medical education and periodic re-examination are required to maintain certification | Biosecurity protocols for the prevention of spread of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus Andrea Pitkin BS MS Satoshi Otake DVM PhD Scott Dee DVM MS PhD Dip ACVM Swine Disease Eradication Center University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine 5 CVM 1 Acknowledgements American Association of Swine Veterinarians Foundation Minnesota Rapid Agricultural Response Fund Swine Disease Eradication Center Partners Pig Improvement Company Genetiporc Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharmacological Solutions Inc. Pfizer Animal Health Novartis Animal Health Noveko Pipestone Veterinary Clinic Fairmont Veterinary Clinic Clinique Demeter Swine Vet Center 2 Table of Contents Topic Page Introduction 4 Virus Overview 4 Routes of spread and protocols of biosecurity 4-14 Direct routes of spread Pigs and semen 4-5 Indirect routes 6-13 Facilities 6 Needles 7 Transport 7-8 Personnel 8-9 Fomites 9 Insects 10 Aerosols 11-13 Miscellaneous 13-14 Pig meat 13 Lagoon effluent 13 Carcass disposal 13 Concluding remarks 14 Suggested reading 14-17