tailieunhanh - Tropical Agroecosystems - Chapter 6

Phong cảnh chính trị xã hội và kinh tế của cà phê Ở Mỹ Latinh, một vùng tài nguyên thiên nhiên phong phú và đa dạng và tăng cường do con người gây áp lực lên chúng, các nhà hoạch định chính sách, các nhà kinh tế, và bảo vệ môi trường đấu tranh để cân bằng phát triển kinh tế với bảo vệ môi trường. các quan tâm trong việc kết hợp bảo tồn và phát triển đã dẫn đến sự chú ý hơn được trả tiền để agroecosystems quản lý, đặc biệt là những kết hợp cao mức độ đa dạng sinh học theo. | Chapter 6 The Coffee Agroecosystem in the Neotropics Combining Ecological and Economic Goals Ivette Perfecto and Inge Armbrecht contents The Sociopolitical and Economic Landscape of Coffee Economic Importance of Coffee The 2001 Coffee Crisis Ecological Importance of Coffee Biodiversity Conservation in Shade Coffee Birds and Other Vertebrates Arthropods The Coffee Technification Process Consequences of Technification for Biodiversity Impact of Coffee Technification on Birds Arthropods and Coffee Technification The Function of Biodiversity in the Regulation of Herbivores Impact of Birds on Coffee Arthropods Impact of Ants on Other Coffee Arthropods Impact of Spiders on Other Coffee Arthropods Relevant Trophic Interactions Coffee Agroforests as a High-Quality Agricultural Matrix Shade Biodiversity Yield and Certification Programs Organic Coffee Fair Trade Shade Coffee Smithsonian s Bird Friendly Label 2003 by CRC Press LLC Rainforest Alliance s Eco-OK Label Striking a Balance between Conservation and Economic Goals Conclusion References THE SOCIOPOLITICAL AND ECONOMIC LANDSCAPE OF COFFEE In Latin America a region of rich and diverse natural resources and intensifying anthropogenic pressures upon them policy makers economists and conservationists struggle to balance economic development with environmental conservation. The interest in combining conservation and development has resulted in more attention being paid to managed agroecosystems in particular those that incorporate high levels of planned biodiversity Vandermeer and Perfecto 1997 . Among the agroecosystems that have received considerable attention recently is the coffee agroforest. It has been argued that coffee production in Latin America if managed with a diverse canopy of shade trees presents the opportunity to generate economic benefits conserve biodiversity and enhance the livelihood of small producers Perfecto et al. 1996 Rice and Ward 1996 . This chapter examines the agroecology of the shade coffee .