tailieunhanh - AGRICULTURAL NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION: Watershed Management and Hydrology - Chapter 7

Nonpoint nguồn ô nhiễm nước ngầm và nước bề mặt từ nông nghiệp tưới tiêu là một mối quan tâm lớn trong nhiều lĩnh vực của miền Tây Hoa Kỳ và các nơi khác. Thuốc trừ sâu gây ra suy giảm chất lượng nước ở các sông, suối ở California, và nitrate gây ra nước ngầm Nitrate và ô nhiễm thuốc bảo vệ thực vật của nước ngầm là mối đe dọa nghiêm trọng trong báo cáo mới Nebraska chất gây ô nhiễm như amoniac, chất dinh dưỡng thuốc trừ sâu, lắng bùn ở, làm giàu hữu cơ, và tổng hòa tan chất rắn. | 7 Irrigated Agriculture and Water Quality Impacts Blaine R. Hanson and Thomas J. Trout CONTENTS Introduction Why Irrigation Causes Nonpoint Source Pollution Types of Nonpoint Source Pollution Caused by Irrigation Nitrate Case Study Nitrate Pollution of Groundwater in the Salinas Valley of California Pesticides Case Study Pesticides in Surface Runoff from Rice Fields in the Sacramento Valley California Salts and Trace Elements Case Study Subsurface Drainage Problem Along the West Side of the San Joaquin Valley Suspended Sediments in Surface Runoff Effect of Surface Runoff on Water Quality Assessing the Potential for Erosion and Surface Runoff Quality Problems Case Study The Rock Creek Rural Clean Water Project Erosion and Sediment Control in Southern Idaho Performance Characteristics of Irrigation Systems Affecting Nonpoint Source Pollution Uniformity Surface Irrigation Sprinkler Irrigation Microirrigation Irrigation Efficiency Reducing Drainage From Irrigated Land A Conceptual Approach Measures for Reducing Drainage Improve Irrigation Scheduling Impose Deficit Irrigation Improve System Uniformity 2001 by CRC Press LLC Surface Irrigation Sprinkler Irrigation Microirrigation Reducing Impacts of Surface Runoff Reducing Flow Erosiveness Reducing Soil Erodibility Reducing Sediment Discharge Surface Runoff Containment and Reuse Conversion to Sprinkler Irrigation or Microirrigation Economic Considerations in Reducing Nonpoint Source Pollution Other Considerations Physical Limitations Soil Salinity Solute Travel Times Summary References INTRODUCTION Nonpoint source pollution of groundwater and surface water from irrigated agriculture is a major concern in many areas of the western United States and elsewhere. Pesticides cause water .