tailieunhanh - Engineering Mathematics 4 Episode 4

Tham khảo tài liệu 'engineering mathematics 4 episode 4', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | NUMBER SEQUENCES 109 6. The first tenth and last terms of an arithmetic progression are 9 and respectively. Find a the number of terms b the sum of all the terms and c the 70th term. a 120 b 26070 c 7. On commencing employment a man is paid a salary of 7200 per annum and receives annual increments of 350. Determine his salary in the 9th year and calculate the total he will have received in the first 12 years. 10000 109500 8. An oil company bores a hole 80 m deep. Estimate the cost of boring if the cost is 30 for drilling the first metre with an increase in cost of 2 per metre for each succeeding metre. 8720 Subtracting equation 2 from equation 1 gives Sn rSn a arn . Sn 1 - r a 1 - rn Thus the sum of n terms a 1- rn Sn 1 - r which is valid when r 1 Subtracting equation 1 from equation 2 gives a rn - 1 Sn -g. r - 1 which is valid when r 1 For example the sum of the first 8 terms of the GP 1 2 4 8 16 . is given by Geometric progressions When a sequence has a constant ratio between successive terms it is called a geometric progression often abbreviated to GP . The constant is called the common ratio r Examples include i 1 2 4 8 . where the common ratio is 2 and ii a ar ar2 ar3 . where the common ratio is r If the first term of a GP is a and the common ratio is r then the n th term is arn-1 which can be readily checked from the above examples. For example the 8th term of the GP 1 2 4 8 . is 1 2 7 128 since a 1 and r 2 Let a GP be a ar ar2 ar3 . arn 1 then the sum of n terms Sn a ar ar2 ar3 arn 1. 1 Multiplying throughout by r gives rSn ar ar2 ar3 ar4 . arn 1 arn . 2 S8 7 - since a 1 and r 2 8 2 - 1 1 256 - 1 . S8 - 255 When the common ratio r of a GP is less than unity the sum of n terms Sn a 1 - rn 1 - r which may be written as a arn S n 1 - r 1 - r Since r 1 rn becomes less as n increases . rn 0 as n 1 arn Hence 0 as n 1. 1 - r Thus Sn a as n 1 1 - r The quantity - is called the sum to infinity S1 and is the limiting value of the sum of

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