tailieunhanh - Ship Stability for Masters and Mates 5 Episode 2

Tham khảo tài liệu 'ship stability for masters and mates 5 episode 2', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 24 Ship Stability for Masters and Mates The variable immersion hydrometer The variable immersion hydrometer is an instrument based on the Law of Archimedes which is used to determine the density of liquids. The type of hydrometer used to find the density of the water in which a ship floats is usually made of a non-corrosive material and consists of a weighted bulb with a narrow rectangular stem which carries a scale for measuring densities between 1000 and 1025 kilograms per cubic metre . and t m3. The position of the marks on the stem are found as follows. First let the hydrometer shown in Figure float upright in fresh water at the mark X. Take the hydrometer out of the water and weigh it. Let the mass be Mx kilograms. Now replace the hydrometer in fresh water and add lead shot in the bulb until it floats with the mark Y at the upper end of the stem in the Fig. Laws of flotation 25 waterline. Weigh the hydrometer again and let its mass now be My kilograms. The mass of water displaced by the stem between X and Y is therefore equal to My Mx kilograms. Since 1000 kilograms of fresh water occupy one cubic metre the volume of the stem between X and Y is equal to My MX 1000 . Let L represent the length of the stem between X and Y and let a represent the cross-sectional area of the stem. Volume a v-----T- Length My Mx 1000 L sq m Now let the hydrometer float in water of density s kg m3 with the waterline x metres below Y. Volume of water displaced My 1000 My 1000 xa x My Mx 1000 L I But Mass of water displaced Volume of water displaced ---------- ---------- ----- Density of water displaced My 1000 s II Equate I and II y 1000 s My My Mx 1000 V 1000L or s My My My Mx L In this equation My Mx and L are known constants whilst s and x are variables. Therefore to mark the scale it is now only necessary to select various values of s and to calculate the corresponding values of x. 26 Ship Stability for Masters and Mates Tonnes per Centimetre Immersion TPC

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