tailieunhanh - Hazardous Chemicals Handbook 2 Episode 3

Tham khảo tài liệu 'hazardous chemicals handbook 2 episode 3', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | TYPES OF TOXIC CHEMICALS 69 Table Cont d Classification Sub-groups Examples Respiratory fibrogens Carcinogens Cancer-producing agents Skin Toxic inorganic substances . Lead manganese cadmium antimony beryllium mercury arsenic phosphorus selenium and sulphur compounds fluorides. Fibrogenic dusts . Free crystalline silica quartz tridymite cristobalite asbestos chrysotile amosite crocidolite etc. talc. Coal tar pitch dust crude anthracene Inerts Respiratory Bladder urinary tract Liver Nasal Bone marrow dust mineral oil mist arsenic. Asbestos polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons nickel ore arsenic bis- chloromethyl ether mustard gas. P-naphthylamine benzidine 4-aminodiphenylamine. Vinyl chloride monomer. Mustard gas nickel ore. Benzene. Gases Simple asphyxiants Argon methane hydrogen nitrogen helium. Particulates . cement calcium carbonate. constriction of the small vessels in the affected area dilation of the blood vessels increased permeability of the vessel walls and migration of the white blood and other defensive cells to the invading harmful chemical. The aim is to concentrate water and protein in the affected area to dilute the effect and wash away the chemical. Production of new cells is speeded up and contaminated surface cells are shed. The respiratory system is the main target organ for vapour gas or mist. Readily-soluble chemicals . chlorine or phosgene attack the upper respiratory tract less soluble gases . oxides of nitrogen penetrate more deeply into the conducting airways and in some cases may cause pulmonary oedema often after a time delay. For example sulphur dioxide is highly water soluble and tends to be absorbed in the airways above the larynx. Responses at various concentrations are summarized in Table . However in the presence of particulate catalysts and sunlight conversion to sulphur trioxide occurs and the irritant response is much more severe. Other parts of the body are also vulnerable the skin and eyes from direct contact