tailieunhanh - APA Engineered Wodd Handbooks Episode 12

Tham khảo tài liệu 'apa engineered wodd handbooks episode 12', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | CHAPTER TEN FIRE- AND NOISE-RATED SYSTEMS John D. Rose Retired Senior Engineer TSD INTRODUCTION TO FIRE-RATED SYSTEMS When designing or building for fire protection it is important to recognize that fireproof buildings do not exist. Building contents are a critical factor and almost all contents can burn. Smoke and heat thus generated can cause extensive damage and loss of life long before the building itself begins to burn regardless of the type of construction. After studying residential fires involving combustible contents the USDA Forest Products Laboratory FPL concluded that wall and ceiling materials whether combustible or noncombustible had little or no effect on the time or temperature of the critical point the point at which human life is untenable. In the FPL studies the critical point was reached in four to seven minutes. Other tests have shown that untenable conditions can occur in as little as two minutes. So-called fireproof building materials do not guarantee safety for occupants or property. A classic demonstration of this was the 1953 fire in a General Motors manufacturing plant in Livonia Michigan. The plant was considered completely noncombustible yet was a complete loss due to the collapse of unprotected metal construction. Another example was the 1967 disaster at McCormick Place Chicago s exhibition hall. All of its structural members including interior nonbearing walls were noncombustible. Yet a fire that began in the contents spread with such heat that the entire ceiling fell as steel beams girders and trusses buckled and collapsed. The type of construction is of course important. To protect the occupants always the first concern as well as to safeguard property a prompt detection and alarm system and the accessibility of numerous exits are vital. Also of importance are the type of contents and furnishings interior finishes degree of sprinkler protection and availability of adequate fire-fighting equipment. With proper construction in .

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