tailieunhanh - The Mare Reproductive Loss Syndrome and the Eastern Tent

In the traditional region of Northern Nigeria, Pathfinder has struggled to promote the use of modern contraceptive methods to delay and space pregnancies. Traditional communities in this area generally see children as a gift from God and, assured that He will provide for their families, resist limiting their family size or spacing women’s pregnancies. Sexuality is not openly discussed, so reaching families with RH/FP information and services has been difficult. It has been observed however, that because HIV/AIDS is recognized as a deadly disease, communities are more open to discussing RH/FP in its context. Pathfinder is therefore increasing the attention given to HIV/AIDS in its Northern. | The Mare Reproductive Loss Syndrome and the Eastern Tent Caterpillar II A Toxicokinetic Clinical Evaluation and a Proposed Pathogenesis Septic Penetrating Setae Thomas Tobin MVB MSc PhD MRCVS DABTa J. Daniel Harkins DVM PhDa John Ford Roberts DVMb c Patricia W. VanMeter BSa Tara A. Fullerd Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center Department of Veterinary Science University of Kentucky Lexington KY 40546 bCurrent address Department of Pathobiology College of Veterinary Medicine University of Florida Gainesville FL Previous address Livestock Disease Diagnostic Center University of Kentucky Lexington KY 40511 d .S. Coast Guard Academy New London CT KEY WORDS MRLS Eastern tent caterpillar early fetal loss late fetal loss uveitis septic penetrating setal hypothesis ABSTRACT Reviewing the mare reproductive loss syndrome MRLS it is proposed that the fundamental mechanism of this syndrome which includes early fetal loss late fetal loss uveitis pericarditis and encephalitis is tissue penetration by septic barbed setal fragments septic penetrating setae from Eastern tent caterpillars Malacosoma americanum . Once ingested these barbed setal fragments migrate through moving tissues followed by rapid hematogenous spread of bacteria bacterial emboli and or septic fragments of setae septic penetrating setal emboli collectively referred to as septic materials. Pathogenic bacteria therefore enter the horse as hitchhikers on or in the caterpillar setal fragments and MRLS is caused by 1 the barbed setal fragments ability to penetrate moving tissues including blood vessels releasing septic materials which rapidly distribute hematogenously 2 the high sensitivity of the pregnant mare to bacteria from such septic materials introduced into the uterus fetal membranes or fetal fluids 3 the unusually broad spectrum of bacterial pathogens carried on or in the setal Published as Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station Article 04-14-024 with the approval of the Dean and Director College of .