tailieunhanh - Chemistry part 24, Julia Burdge,2e (2009)

Tham khảo sách 'chemistry part 24, julia burdge,2e (2009)', khoa học tự nhiên, hoá học phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 578 CHAPTER 14 Chemical Kinetics Applying What You ve Learned It takes as little as 5 mL 1 tsp of methanol to cause permanent blindness or death and unlike ethanol methanol can be absorbed in toxic amounts by ingestion inhalation of vapor or absorption through the skin. Nevertheless methanol is present in a number of common household products including antifreeze windshield-washing fluid and paint remover. One method that has been used to synthesize methanol is the combination of carbon monoxide and hydrogen gases at 100 C CO g 2H2 g --- CH3OH g This reaction is catalyzed by a nickel compound. Problems a Write the expression for the rate of this reaction in terms of CO . M Sample Problem b Write the expression for the rate of this reaction in terms of H2 and in terms of CH3OH . M Sample Problem c Given the following table of experimental data at 100 C determine the rate law and the rate constant for the reaction. Then determine the initial rate of the reaction when the starting concentration of CO is M. Sample Problem Experiment CO M H2 M Initial Rate M s 1 2 3 d Calculate the time required for the concentration of CO to be reduced from M to M. Sample Problem e Calculate 6 2 of the reaction H Sample Problem f Given that k is s-1 at 200 C calculate Ea of the reaction. Sample Problem g Use the calculated value of Ea to determine the value of k at 180 C. Sample Problem KEY WORDS 579 Chapter Summary Section The rate of a chemical reaction is the change in concentration of reactants or products over time. Rates may be expressed as an average rate over a given time interval or as an instantaneous rate. The rate constant k is a proportionality constant that relates the rate of reaction with the concentration s of reactant s . The rate constant k for a given reaction changes only with temperature. Section The rate law is an equation that expresses the .