tailieunhanh - Retaining students in grade

Many states and districts are moving toward test-based requirements for promotion at key transitional points in students’ schooling careers, thus ending the practice of “social promotion”— promoting students without regard for how much they have learned. The rationale for retention is that repetition of the grade will give students an additional year to master the academic content they failed to master the previous year, and, thus, students should be less at risk for failure. | RAND EDUCATION THE ARTS CHILD POLICY CIVIL JUSTICE EDUCATION ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS NATIONAL SECURITY POPULATION AND AGING PUBLIC SAFETY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SUBSTANCE ABUSE TERRORISM AND HOMELAND SECURITY TRANSPORTATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE WORKFORCE AND WORKPLACE This PDF document was made available from as a public service of the RAND Corporation. Jump down to document 6 The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit research organization providing objective analysis and effective solutions that address the challenges facing the public and private sectors around the world. Support RAND Browse Books Publications Make a charitable contribution For More Information Visit RAND at Explore RAND Education View document details Limited Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark s contained herein are protected by law as indicated in a notice appearing later in this work. This electronic representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for non-commercial use only. Unauthorized posting of RAND PDFs to a non-RAND Web site is prohibited. RAND PDFs are protected under copyright law. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce or reuse in another form any of our research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions please see RAND Permissions. This product is part of the RAND Corporation technical report series. Reports may include research findings on a specific topic that is limited in scope present discussions of the methodology employed in research provide literature reviews survey instruments modeling exercises guidelines for practitioners and research professionals and supporting documentation or deliver preliminary findings. All RAND reports undergo rigorous peer review to ensure that they meet high standards for research quality and objectivity. Julie A. Marsh Daniel Gershwin Sheila Nataraj Kirby Nailing Xia Prepared for the New York City .