tailieunhanh - báo cáo khoa học: " Health and historical levels of freedom"

Tuyển tập báo cáo các nghiên cứu khoa học quốc tế ngành y học dành cho các bạn tham khảo đề tài: Health and historical levels of freedom | Biggs et al. Globalization and Health 2010 6 11 http content 6 1 11 GLOBALIZATION yiy AND HEALTH RESEARCH Open Access Health and historical levels of freedom Samantha L Biggs1 Evelyn M Dell1 Vanessa L Dixon1 Michel R Joffres1 Chris Beyrer2 Kumanan Wilson3 James J Orbinski4 and Mills J Edward 3 5 Abstract Background The link between political freedom and health is unclear. We aimed to determine the association by exploring the relationship of historical and cumulative freedom levels with important health outcomes. Methods We obtained countrywide health indicators for life expectancy infant mortality maternal mortality ratio low birth weight babies Gini coefficient a measure of wealth inequality and various markers of freedom based on political rights and civil liberties. We applied multivariable logistic regression to examine the association between health indicators and within-country years of freedom as determined by Freedom House rankings. Results The total proportion of free years from 1972-2005 the duration of current freedom level and the Gini coefficient show independent positive associations with health indicators which remain after the adjustment for national wealth total government expenditure and spending on health. Countries identified as having high total proportion of free years demonstrated significantly better health outcomes than countries with low levels of freedom life expectancy Odds Ratio OR 95 Confidence Interval CI infant mortality OR 95 CI maternal mortality ratio OR 95 CI and low birth weight babies OR 95 CI . This was also the case for infant mortality OR 95 CI maternal mortality ratio OR 95 CI and low birth weight babies OR 95 CI among countries considered as having medium levels of freedom. Interpretation We found strong associations between country-level freedom and important health outcomes. The cumulative level of .

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