tailieunhanh - Handbook Of Pollution Control And Waste Minimization - Chapter 13

Lộ trình sử dụng trong phòng chống ô nhiễm: Los Alamos mẫu Roadmapping là một kỹ thuật mạnh mẽ để hiển thị các mối quan hệ cấu trúc trong khoa học, công nghệ, ứng dụng, và kết quả của các ứng dụng. Bởi vì họ có thể kết hợp các mối quan hệ phức tạp, nhiều, chúng được sử dụng để hiển thị có thể con đường từ trạng thái hiện tại một trạng thái cuối cùng mong muốn. Xây dựng, lộ trình toàn diện được sử dụng cho khoa học và quản lý công nghệ, bao gồm cả kế hoạch chiến lược, đánh giá chi phí. | 13 Using Roadmaps in Pollution Prevention The Los Alamos Model Thomas P. Starke Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos New Mexico James H. Scott Abaxial Technologies Los Alamos New Mexico 1 INTRODUCTION Roadmapping is a powerful technique for displaying the structural relationships among science technology applications and results of applications. Because they can incorporate complex multiple relationships they are used to display the possible paths from the present state to a desired end state. Well-constructed comprehensive roadmaps are used for science and technology management including strategic planning evaluating cost risk and program execution for enhancing communications among researchers technologists managers and stakeholders for identifying deficiencies and opportunities in science and technology programs and for identifying obstacles to achieving a desired end state. There are several roadmap methodologies in use today including forecast roadmaps retrospective roadmaps and process evaluation roadmaps. Because roadmapping methodology is so flexible it can be used in many applications it is frequently used for process evaluation technology forecasting and for defining investment Copyright 2002 by Marcel Dekker Inc. All Rights Reserved. strategies. Roadmaps have been used successfully by the . Department of Defense DoD the semiconductor industry and various manufacturing concerns. The starting point for all roadmapping methodologies consist of a defined current state and a very well-defined desired end state in general one cannot have a high-quality map without a carefully and comprehensively defined end state. A complex project or process will have a number of intermediate states or goals between the current state and the desired end state. The roadmap itself consists of a network of nodes representing activities events or processes. Nodes can contain a variety of information depending on the purpose of the node. Nodes are linked by actions. The .