tailieunhanh - Handbook Of Pollution Control And Waste Minimization - Chapter 7

Bảo Toàn Năng Lượng Một tỷ lệ lớn của các vấn đề ô nhiễm hiện tại của chúng tôi là kết quả của công nghệ năng lượng dựa trên quá trình đốt cháy của các nhiên liệu carbon. Trong những vấn đề phát thải khí gây hiệu ứng nhà kính, tiền thân của mưa axit (các oxit lưu huỳnh và nitơ), carbon monoxide, hình thành oxy hóa quang hóa; phát hành để sinh quyển của các sản phẩm dầu thô và tinh chế, và ô nhiễm miningrelated. Rõ ràng, sau đó, giảm tiêu thụ của chúng ta về năng lượng. | 7 Energy Conservation K. A. Strevett C. Evenson and L. Wolf University of Oklahoma Norman Oklahoma 1 INTRODUCTION A large proportion of our current pollution problems is the result of energy technologies that rely on combustion of carbon-based fuels. Included in these problems are emissions of greenhouse gases acid rain precursors oxides of sulfur and nitrogen and carbon monoxide formation of photochemical oxidants releases to the biosphere of raw and refined petroleum products and mining-related pollution. Obviously then decreasing our consumption of carbon-based energy will result in decreases in the amounts of these pollutants entering the biosphere. Global warming poses the threat of an environmental impact that is global and at least on a time scale of centuries irreversible. Over the very long term of two to three centuries temperatures could rise by as much as 10 to 18 C. While it is impossible at this point to predict accurately all the effects of global warming its consequences are potentially so threatening to human and ecosystem health that humans have an ethical obligation to do something about it 1 . It is obvious that strategies for reducing consumption of energy derived from combustion of carbon-based fuels are among the most important means of preventing global pollution. After a look at energy demands this chapter discusses several such energy conservation strategies the fuels currently being used Copyright 2002 by Marcel Dekker Inc. All Rights Reserved. Natural Gas 24 Coal Oil 32 Figure 1 Percent contribution of coal oil and natural gas to global energy markets. to supply these demands and a survey of the environmental impacts of some of the pollutants produced by these fuels. 2 ENERGY SUPPLIES AND DEMANDS Coal oil and natural gas supply about 95 of global energy. Coal dominates energy markets accounting for about 44 of fossil energy consumption. Oil accounts for about 32 of fossil fuel supply while natural gas contributes 24 Figure 1 . Coal is .