tailieunhanh - Handbook Of Pollution Control And Waste Minimization - Chapter 5

Hệ thống thông tin cho Proactive Quản lý môi trường Môi trường máy tính là một chủ đề rất rộng, và một số phạm vi thách thức phân loại học. Tuy nhiên, trong sự quan tâm của cung cấp một cái nhìn tổng quan về lĩnh vực này, hệ thống thông tin môi trường có thể được ghi chung chung như là một trong hai môi trường hệ thống thông tin quản lý (EMIS) hoặc hỗ trợ quyết định môi trường hệ thống (EDSS). Trước đây sẽ được định nghĩa là hệ thống cung cấp truy cập thông tin, chẳng hạn như hồ sơ và báo cáo,. | 5 Information Systems for Proactive Environmental Management Steven P. Frysinger James Madison University Harrisonburg Virginia 1 INTRODUCTION Environmental computing is a very broad topic and to some extent defies taxonomy. However in the interest of providing an overview of this field environmental information systems can be described generally as either environmental management information systems EMIS or environmental decision support systems EDSS . The former will be defined as systems which provide access to information such as records and reports while the latter include systems which provide access to tools with which to operate on information in order to arrive at an environmental management decision. There is clearly a great deal of overlap between these two definitions and many systems might straddle the definition uncomfortably. Nonetheless it will be useful to address this broad topic in the context of this dichotomy. Copyright 2002 by Marcel Dekker Inc. All Rights Reserved. 2 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS EMIS As corporate environment health and safety EH S organizations endeavor to become world-class operations they must deal with a remarkable variety of processes which have evolved over many years largely in response to regulatory events. Integration of these various processes into a cohesive and efficient management system is a necessary part of their quest to make more forwardlooking comprehensive decisions impacting EH S stewardship. An integrated management system has the potential to significantly improve the effectiveness of the EH S organization by facilitating awareness of hazards or opportunities across regulatory boundaries. Likewise integration can reduce the cost of EH S operations by encouraging the sharing of knowledge and effort across these same regulatory lines. For example a single activity which maintains inventories of chemicals stored at company facilities might serve the needs of both Occupational Safety and .