tailieunhanh - Handbook Of Pollution Control And Waste Minimization - Chapter 3

Hệ thống cấp bậc quản lý chất thải Công tác quản lý chất thải có thể được tiếp cận từ các địa điểm, bao gồm cả quy định, lịch sử, phương pháp kỹ thuật, và giải thích phương thức quản lý trong quá khứ và phương pháp hiện nay của chúng tôi để quản lý chất thải trong những gì được coi là cách tiếp cận đúng đắn hiện nay Chương này sẽ khám phá các phương pháp trên để quản lý chất thải, hiện tại pháp luật tự nhiên (1) xem xét của người đọc, và sau đó mô tả. | 3 The Waste Management Hierarchy W. David Constant Louisiana State University and A M College Baton Rouge Louisiana 1 INTRODUCTION The management of waste can be approached from several venues including regulations history technical methods and interpretations of past management practices and our current methods to manage waste in what is considered the proper approach today. This chapter will explore the above approaches to waste management present the Natural Laws 1 for the reader s consideration and then describe a simple hierarchy for waste management based on these laws. The impact of the implementation of natural attenuation in many remediation schemes of today is also discussed. The objective is to raise awareness of both the capabilities and limitations that are placed on society in the management of waste. 2 HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE While we have recently increased our awareness of environmental problems and waste management these issues have been in effect to some degree since society began to reach beyond simple existence. Humankind for centuries has developed and exploited available resources in useful and necessary ways along with wasteful approaches. However significant problems arose once communities towns and cities developed into urban centers wherein contamination of water Copyright 2002 by Marcel Dekker Inc. All Rights Reserved. supplies from waste and animals caused significant deaths to occur. Further industrialization and heavy dependence on fossil fuels has in the past century greatly increased pressure on the environment to cope with the anthropogenic materials and methods of humankind s development. The development of regulations in the United States described below best illustrates the interactions for such a heavily industrialized nation. In earlier history the best examples of industrial pollution are found in England 2 where factories contaminated nearby rivers and raised awareness about the limitations of drinking water sources. Air .