tailieunhanh - COASTAL AQUIFER MANAGEMENT: monitoring, modeling, and case studies - Chapter 11

Bơm Tối ưu hóa trong nước mặn xâm nhập các tầng ngậm nước Tầng nước ngầm ven biển phục vụ như là nguồn chính cung cấp nước ngọt ở nhiều nước trên thế giới, đặc biệt là tại các vùng khô hạn và bán khô cằn. Nhiều vùng ven biển là rất nhiều đô thị hoá, một thực tế mà làm cho sự cần thiết cho nước ngọt thậm chí còn gay gắt hơn Bear và Cheng, 1999]. Quản lý không phù hợp của tầng nước ngầm ven biển có thể dẫn đến sự xâm nhập của nước mặn vào các. | CHAPTER 11 Pumping Optimization in Saltwater-Intruded Aquifers . Cheng . Benhachmi D. Halhal D. Ouazar A. Naji K. EL Harrouni 1. INTRODUCTION Coastal aquifers serve as major sources for freshwater supply in many countries around the world especially in arid and semiarid zones. Many coastal areas are heavily urbanized a fact that makes the need for freshwater even more acute Bear and Cheng 1999 . Inappropriate management of coastal aquifers may lead to the intrusion of saltwater into freshwater wells destroying them as sources of freshwater supply. One of the goals of coastal aquifer management is to maximize freshwater extraction without causing the invasion of saltwater into the wells. A number of management questions can be asked in such considerations. For existing wells how should the pumping rate be apportioned and regulated so as to achieve the maximum total extraction For new wells where should they be located and how much can they pump How can recharge wells and canals be used to protect pumping wells and where should they be placed If recycled water is used in the injection how can we maximize the recovery percentage These and other questions may be answered using the mathematical tool of optimization. Efforts to improve the management of groundwater systems by computer simulation and optimization techniques began in the early 1970s Young and Bredehoe 1972 Aguado and Remson 1974 . Since that time a large number of groundwater management models have been successfully applied see for example Gorelick 1983 Willis and Yeh 1987 and many other papers published in the Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management ASCE and the Water Resources Research. Applications of these models to aquifer situations with the explicit threat of saltwater intrusion in mind however are relatively few Cumming 1971 Cummings and McFarland 1974 Shamir et al. 1984 Willis and Finney 1988 Finney et al. 1992 Hallaji and Yazicigil 1996 Emch and Yeh 1998 Nishikawa 2004 by CRC