tailieunhanh - FUNGI IN ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES - CHAPTER 2

Nấm và suất tiểu học: Các chất dinh dưỡng có sẵn đất và CÓ SẴN chất dinh dưỡng Trong thời hạn các hệ sinh thái, sản xuất ban đầu được thực hiện bởi các sinh vật tự dưỡng. Những sinh vật, thực vật, có thể để sửa chữa carbon do quá trình quang hợp và xây dựng sinh khối bằng cách kết hợp này carbon cố định với các yếu tố dinh dưỡng có nguồn gốc từ môi trường. Các chất dinh dưỡng cần thiết cho sự phát triển của thực vật đến từ hai chính nguồn. Nguồn đầu tiên là chất liệu đá nằm dưới. | 2 Fungi and Primary Productivity Making Nutrients Available SOILS AND NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY Within ecosystems primary production is carried out by autotrophic organisms. These organisms plants are able to fix carbon by the process of photosynthesis and build biomass by combining this fixed carbon with nutrient elements derived from the environment. The nutrients required for plant growth come from two main sources. The first source is the rock material underlying the soil. This rock may be of local origin or of remote geology in areas that have been affected by glaciation. Rocks of the earth s crust contain a variety of the essential mineral nutrients that plants need but the minerals are bound in complex chemical forms that make them poorly available for plant uptake. By the action of environmental factors wind water and physical disturbance along with the activities of bacteria fungi and plant roots the surface of rocks can be weathered and degraded to finer particles and the mineral nutrients released in a soluble form that can be accessed by plants. Some of these minerals will be carried in water to streams rivers and oceans imparting fertility to these ecosystems. The second source of nutrients is by the breakdown or decomposition of dead plant and animal remains by microbes and animals. During decomposition mineral nutrients are released in a soluble form as inorganic ions from the breakdown of the organic complexes within the plant and animal remains. This process is called mineralization and provides fertility to the ecosystem. Decomposition and mineralization occur in terrestrial freshwater and marine ecosystems. In this chapter we will investigate the role that fungi play in these processes Table . Copyright 2003 by Marcel Dekker Inc. All Rights Reserved. Table Ecosystem Services Provided by Fungi Ecosystem service Soil formation Providing fertility for primary production Primary production Plant community structure Secondary production .