tailieunhanh - Ebook: Applications of Environmental Chemistry: A Practical Guide for Environmental Professionals - Chpater 2

Nguyên tắc của hành vi gây ô nhiễm môi trường Properties hành vi của chất gây ô nhiễm trong vùng nước tự nhiên quan trọng của chất gây ô nhiễm thuộc tính quan trọng của nước và đất 2,2 số phận của các chất ô nhiễm khác nhau là gì? 2,3 quá trình Hủy bỏ các chất ô nhiễm từ nước chuyên chở quá trình phản ứng hóa học môi trường quá trình sinh học 2,4 Nhóm lớn chất gây ô nhiễm và Đại tự nhiên của họ để loại bỏ từ kim loại nước . | 2 Principles of Contaminant Behavior in the Environment CONTENTS The Behavior of Contaminants in Natural Waters Important Properties of Pollutants Important Properties of Water and Soil What Are the Fates of Different Pollutants Processes that Remove Pollutants from Water Transport Processes Environmental Chemical Reactions Biological Processes Major Contaminant Groups and Their Natural Pathways for Removal from Water Metals Chlorinated Pesticides Halogenated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons Fuel Hydrocarbons Inorganic Nonmetal Species Chemical and Physical Reactions in the Water Environment Partitioning Behavior of Pollutants Partitioning from a Diesel Oil Spill Intermolecular Forces Predicting Relative Attractive Forces Predicting Bond Type from Electronegativities Dipole Moments Molecular Geometry Molecular Polarity and Intermolecular Forces Examples of Nonpolar Molecules Examples of Polar Molecules The Nature of Intermolecular Attractions Comparative Strengths of Intermolecular Attractions Solubility and Intermolecular Attractions THE BEHAVIOR OF CONTAMINANTS IN NATURAL WATERS Every part of our world is continually changing the unwelcomed contaminants as well as the essential ecosystems. Some changes occur imperceptibly on a geological time scale others are rapid occurring within days minutes or less. Oil and coal are formed from animal and vegetable matter over millions of years. When oil and coal are burned they can release their stored energy in fractions of a second. Control of environmental contamination depends on understanding how pollutants are affected by environmental conditions and learning how to bring about desired changes. For example metals that are dangerous to our health such as lead are often more soluble in water under acidic conditions than under basic conditions. Knowing this one can plan to remove dissolved lead from drinking water by raising the pH and making the water basic. Under basic conditions a .