tailieunhanh - Environmental Pollution Control Microbiology - Chapter 13

Chất thải rắn Chất thải rắn là một trong các chất gây ô nhiễm môi trường thú vị hơn để đối phó với. Đặc điểm chính của tầm quan trọng đối với chất thải rắn nằm trong thực tế rằng họ là rắn. Không giống như các chất thải khí chảy vào bầu không khí rộng lớn xung quanh chúng tôi hoặc các chất thải lỏng chảy xuống dốc cho đến khi họ cuối cùng đạt đến đại dương, chất thải rắn có xu hướng ở lại cho đến khi một nỗ lực lớn được thực hiện để di chuyển chúng. | Chapter 13 SOLID WASTES Solid wastes are one of the more interesting environmental contaminants to deal with. The primary characteristic of importance for solid wastes lies in the fact that they are solid. Unlike gaseous wastes that flow into the vast atmosphere around US or liquid wastes that flow downhill until they ultimately reach the ocean solid wastes tend to stay put until a major effort is made to move them to another spot. Solid wastes tend to remain as such until someone finds a use for the solid wastes and converts them into something of value. Suddenly the solid wastes disappear until the new product loses its value and becomes solid wastes once again. The lack of value of solid wastes has resulted in limited information on their interaction with various microorganisms. Few people bothered to study solid wastes until the Federal government provided the funds for studies. It is not surprising that most of our understanding of solid wastes has come in the last 40 years. SOLID WASTE CHARACTERISTICS One of the frustrating problems confronting environmental scientists and environmental engineers lies in trying to determine the characteristics of solid wastes. Solid wastes are simply solid materials that have lost value for their Copyright 2004 by Marcel Dekker Inc. All Rights Reserved. owner and are discarded. It does not mean that the solid wastes being discarded have no value. It simply means that the solid wastes have no value for the current owner. It may well have value for another owner. If the solid wastes have value for a new owner these materials are no longer solid wastes but rather raw materials for further use with renewed value until the new owner decides to discard them as solid wastes. All material goods that society makes and uses will become solid wastes in time. Solid wastes cannot be characterized by thefr chemical composition or their size or their weight alone. Solid wastes are characterized by many parameters. Chemical composition is an