tailieunhanh - báo cáo hóa học: " Invasive species in Europe: ecology, status, and policy"

Tuyển tập báo cáo các nghiên cứu khoa học quốc tế ngành hóa học dành cho các bạn yêu hóa học tham khảo đề tài: Invasive species in Europe: ecology, status, and policy | Keller et al. Environmental Sciences Europe 2011 23 23 http content 23 1 23 o Environmental Sciences Europe a SpringerOpen Journal COMMENTARY Open Access Invasive species in Europe ecology status and policy Reuben P Keller1 Juergen Geist2t Jonathan M Jeschke3t and Ingolf Kuhn4t Abstract Globalization of trade and travel has facilitated the spread of non-native species across the earth. A proportion of these species become established and cause serious environmental economic and human health impacts. These species are referred to as invasive and are now recognized as one of the major drivers of biodiversity change across the globe. As a long-time centre for trade Europe has seen the introduction and subsequent establishment of at least several thousand non-native species. These range in taxonomy from viruses and bacteria to fungi plants and animals. Although invasive species cause major negative impacts across all regions of Europe they also offer scientists the opportunity to develop and test theory about how species enter and leave communities how nonnative and native species interact with each other and how different types of species affect ecosystem functions. For these reasons there has been recent growth in the field of invasion biology as scientists work to understand the process of invasion the changes that invasive species cause to their recipient ecosystems and the ways that the problems of invasive species can be reduced. This review covers the process and drivers of species invasions in Europe the socio-economic factors that make some regions particularly strongly invaded and the ecological factors that make some species particularly invasive. We describe the impacts of invasive species in Europe the difficulties involved in reducing these impacts and explain the policy options currently being considered. We outline the reasons that invasive species create unique policy challenges and suggest some rules of thumb for designing and .