tailieunhanh - Membranes for Industrial Wastewater Recovery Episode 3

Tham khảo tài liệu 'membranes for industrial wastewater recovery episode 3', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 32 Membranes for Industrial Wastewater Recovery and Re-use velocity of the rotor is around 10-15 ms-1 depending on the diameter of the membrane cell. Both the VSEP and CR ultrafiltration processes have been successfully applied to liquors of high suspended solids content Sections and achieving concentrate streams in excess of 5 solids in some cases. Other turbulence promotion modifications to modules are still largely at the developmental stage. These include intermittent jets in which the feed is pumped coaxially through a membrane tube at fixed intervals through a nozzle. The abrupt change in velocity produces a toroidal vortex increasing the flux by up to times for granular suspensions such as bentonite clay Arroyo and Fonade 1993 . Pulsed flow has also received much attention Gupta etal. 1985 1992 Rodgers and Sparks 1993 Bertram et al. 1993 . In this mode pulses of flow are generated in the feed or permeate channel again creating large temporal changes in the velocity gradient. A simpler alternative for turbulence promotion is the use of simple inserts in tubes. This is also not practised commercially despite the many publications in this area as reviewed by Gupta etal. 199 5 Belfort etal. 1994 and others. Finally a process that has significantly extended the capability of electrodialysis is the electrodeionisation EDI also called continuous deionisation CDI process commercialised by Vivendi lonpure and Ionics. In this process the diluate cells of the electrodialysis stack are filled with ion exchange resin beads. The resin effectively aids the transport of ions from the diluate to the concentrate cells by providing a conducting pathway. This results in extremely effective removal of all charged species in the diluate cell producing a product water of a quality comparable to that from a twin-bed deionisation process but offering the advantage of being continuous. The process fundamentals Process performance definitions Flux The key .

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