tailieunhanh - Material Science_ Vol 1 of 2 - US DOE (1993) Episode 3

Tham khảo tài liệu 'material science_ vol 1 of 2 - us doe (1993) episode 3', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | Structure of Metals DOE-HDBK-1017 1-93 BONDING IONIC BOND . SODIUM CHLORIDE COVALENT BOND DIAMOND Figure 1 Bonding Types Rev. 0 Page 3 MS-01 BONDING DOE-HDBK-1017 1-93 Structure of Metals Order in Microstructures Solids have greater interatomic attractions than liquids and gases. However there are wide variations in the properties of solid materials used for engineering purposes. The properties of materials depend on their interatomic bonds. These same bonds also dictate the space between the configuration of atoms in solids. All solids may be classified as either amorphous or crystalline. Amorphous Amorphous materials have no regular arrangement of their molecules. Materials like glass and paraffin are considered amorphous. Amorphous materials have the properties of solids. They have definite shape and volume and diffuse slowly. These materials also lack sharply defined melting points. In many respects they resemble liquids that flow very slowly at room temperature. Crystalline In a crystalline structure the atoms are arranged in a three-dimensional array called a lattice. The lattice has a regular repeating configuration in all directions. A group of particles from one part of a crystal has exactly the same geometric relationship as a group from any other part of the same crystal. MS-01 Page 4 Rev. 0 Structure of Metals DOE-HDBK-1017 1-93 BONDING Summary The important information in this chapter is summarized below. Bonding Summary Types of Bonds and Their Characteristics Ionic bond - An atom with one or more electrons are wholly transferred from one element to another and the elements are held together by the force of attraction due to the opposite polarity of the charge. Covalent bond - An atom that needs electrons to complete its outer shell shares those electrons with its neighbor. Metallic bond - The atoms do not share or exchange electrons to bond together. Instead many electrons roughly one for each atom are more or less free to move throughout the metal .

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