tailieunhanh - PESTICIDES IN AGRICULTURE AND THE ENVIRONMENT - CHAPTER 7

Sự đa dạng của hàng hóa nông nghiệp thường được gọi là "cây nhỏ" là gần như vô hạn. Chúng bao gồm các loại rau, trái cây, các loại hạt, các loại thảo mộc, và nhiều everincreasing sản dân tộc thường được tìm thấy trong phần thực phẩm tươi sống của siêu thị địa phương. Tuy nhiên, các loại cây trồng nhỏ cũng bao gồm thương mại phát triển các cây cảnh như cây cối, cây bụi, hoa và cỏ là những sản phẩm của ngành công nghiệp "phát triển nhanh chóng" màu xanh lá cây. Cây nhỏ bị từ. | 7 Pest Management Issues on Minor Crops Richard T. Guest IR-4 Project Technology Centre of New Jersey Rutgers University New Brunswick New Jersey . Paul H. Schwartz Agricultural Research Service . Department of Agriculture Beltsville Maryland . 1 BACKGROUND The variety of agricultural commodities commonly referred to as minor crops is nearly limitless. They include the vegetables fruits nuts herbs and an everincreasing variety of ethnic produce that are commonly found in the fresh foods section of the local supermarket. But minor crops also include commercially grown ornamental plants such as trees shrubs flowers and turf grass that are products of the rapidly growing green industry. Minor crops suffer from the same pest depredations as the large-acreage major crops and often require specialized pest management practices including pesticides to produce a healthy attractive and nutritious product for the consumer. Historically producers of agricultural commodities have depended upon the agricultural chemical industry to provide them with safe and effective chemi Retired. cal pesticides that supplement their pest control practices in order to maintain crop yields and protect the health of animals. As the cost of meeting regulatory requirements has increased pesticide registrants have concentrated their registration efforts in areas where they could obtain sufficient economic returns to justify their research and development costs. This resulted in greater registrations of pesticides for the large-acreage crops such as corn million acres cotton million soybeans million and wheat million 1 . Producers of fruits nuts vegetables and specialty crops such as cranberries flax hops mint sunflowers and ornamentals found that they had fewer and fewer pesticides available to them compared to growers of the major crops. When minor crops are considered individually the acreage of most of them is relatively small. However the combined acreage of .