tailieunhanh - PESTICIDES IN AGRICULTURE AND THE ENVIRONMENT - CHAPTER 6

Thuốc trừ sâu được phép lạ hiện đại. Những hóa chất này đã giúp chúng ta phát triển thực phẩm phong phú và loại bỏ sâu bệnh. Thật không may, thuốc trừ sâu cũng có thể có tác động tiêu cực về môi trường và con người. Việc sử dụng thuốc trừ sâu do đó phải được kiểm soát cẩn thận và theo dõi chặt chẽ để tối đa hóa lợi ích và giảm thiểu tác hại. Để hỗ trợ quản lý tốt việc sử dụng thuốc trừ sâu, nhiều phương pháp phân tích đã được phát triển để đo. | 6 Pesticide Residue Procedures for Raw Agricultural Commodities An International View S. Mark Lee and Sylvia J. Richman Center for Analytical Chemistry California Department of Food and Agriculture Sacramento California . 1 INTRODUCTION Pesticides are modern-day miracles. These chemicals have helped us to grow food in abundance and eliminate pests. Unfortunately many pesticides can also have negative effects both on the environment and on humans. The use of pesticides must consequently be carefully controlled and closely monitored to maximize their benefits and minimize harmful effects. To support good stewardship of pesticide uses many analytical methods have been developed to measure levels of specific pesticide residues in food 1 and in the environment 2 . There are a large number of analytical methods for the analysis of specific pesticides on individual matrices. Analytical methods for a pesticide may vary depending on the sample type and the purpose of the analysis. In the United This chapter was not prepared on behalf of the California Department of Food and Agriculture and therefore does not represent any official policy of that department. States over 700 pesticides are registered for use in food production and many analytical methods for pesticides are described in the literature. The number of pesticides that must be monitored to safeguard the public interest is substantial even in the case of a single commodity. Farmers can choose from many different pesticides to control the multitude of insect pests fungi and weeds that attack their crops. Rotations of different pesticides on a crop are recommended to reduce the buildup of resistance by pests potentially further increasing the number of residues that may be found on a commodity. Finally mixtures of pesticides are often used for more effective control of pests. A greater variety of pesticides are used in growing fruits and vegetables than for any other food items 3 . Because it is not possible to