tailieunhanh - A Geography of Children’s Vulnerability: Gender, Household Resources, and Water-Related Disease Hazard in Northern Pakistan*

In 2004, the Child Survival Partnership, with support from the Ethiopian government, held the National Partnership Conference on Scaling Up Child Survival Interventions. Participants at the conference agreed to develop a single plan for improving child survival in Ethiopia, double resources for health in Ethiopia, and support the new Health Service Extension Package. The Addis Ababa Statement, developed by the Healthy Newborn Partnership, was also presented at the conference. During the following year, the Child Survival Partnership elected to expand its focus to include maternal and newborn health strategies, with the newborn serving as a bridge between child and maternal health interventions and strategies. Members of the Partnership for Maternal, Newborn,. | A Geography of Children s Vulnerability Gender Household Resources and Water-Related Disease Hazard in Northern Pakistan Sarah J. Halvorson The University of Montana Water-related diseases continue to pose major threats to children s survival and well-being in many places in the developing world. This article develops a theoretical perspective on the ways in which children s vulnerability to water-related disease hazard is produced within the everyday circumstances of livelihood and child care. Central to this analysis is the role that household resources play in mediating or shaping particular microenvironments of health risk. Further the effects of local geographies of gender on how household resources are accessed and on how child care is structured are examined. Children s vulnerability is evaluated in a community in the District of Gilgit in northern Pakistan a region presently undergoing tremendous social and economic transformation. The case study highlights household-level response and adaptation to child health risks associated with diarrheal disease transmission and infection in this mountain environment. The case study draws from ethnographic fieldwork involving qualitative household microstudies and interviewing to elicit mothers resource and risk-response strategies in the context of changes in livelihood systems and household dynamics. Key Words gender household resources northern Pakistan vulnerability water-related diseases. In the future how can we give our children a good upbringing All of the time we are stuck in our work and are busy. How can we protect their health In the morning we only have time to wash their faces and hands. We do not have time to keep them from sitting in the dirt and to keep them clean. My children are often sick with colds diarrhea and pain in their stomachs. Afsana Begum1 Introduction Diarrhea and other water-related diseases2 continue to prevail as leading causes of mortality and morbidity among children under the age .