tailieunhanh - Evolutionary Psychology

now is the time for all partners to join forces in a concerted effort. this means scaling up and prioritizing a package of high-impact interventions, strengthening health systems, and integrating efforts across diseases and sectors such as health, education, water, sanitation and nutrition. It also means promoting human rights, gender equality and poverty reduction. all actors should work to optimize current investments. all are accountable for their commitments and need to raise the additional, predictable funding required to deliver basic health services and meet the health- related Mdgs | Evolutionary Psychology - 2007. 5 4 844-859 Original Article Parental Investment in Children with Chronic Disease The Effect of Child s and Mother s Age Sigal Tifferet School of Social Sciences and Management Ruppin Academic Center Emek Hefer Israel. tifferet@ Corresponding author Orly Manor School of Public Health and Community Medicine Hebrew University of Jerusalem -Hadassah Israel Shlomi Constantini Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery Dana Children s Hospital Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center Israel Orna Friedman Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery Dana Children s Hospital Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center Israel Yoel Elizur Department of Psychology Hebrew University of Jerusalem Israel Abstract Parents do not invest their resources in their children equally. Three factors which elicit differential parental investment are the parent s reproductive value the child s reproductive value RV and the impact of the investment on the child II . As the child matures his RV increases while the II may decrease. This raises a question regarding the favored strategy of investment by child age. It was hypothesized that different categories of parental investment generate different age-based strategies. Emotional investment such as maternal worrying for the child s health was hypothesized to increase with the child s age while direct care was hypothesized to decrease with the child s age. Both categories were hypothesized to increase with the mother s age at childbirth. 137 Israeli mothers of children with chronic neurological conditions reported levels of worrying for their child and levels of change in direct care. Maternal worrying about the child s health was positively associated with the child s age at diagnosis and the severity of his illness and negatively associated with the time from diagnosis. An increase in direct care was positively associated with maternal age at childbirth and illness severity and negatively associated with the .