tailieunhanh - The Anaesthesia Science Viva Book - part 2

Ngoài ra, bạn có thể tìm thấy chính mình tự động biểu tình trên của riêng bạn cánh tay này có thể là một kỹ thuật hiệu quả mà có thể làm cho dễ dàng hơn để tìm hiểu giải phẫu. Đặt câu hỏi có thể mở rộng đến những vấn đề thực tế lâm sàng như vô ý nội-động mạch tiêm, các khối dây thần kinh ở khuỷu tay và chèn các đường dà | CHAPTER 2 The anaesthesia science viva book The anatomy of the trachea and bronchi Commentary Anatomy of these areas is of self-evident importance both in anaesthesia and intensive care. You may be given the opportunity to describe every bronchopulmonary segment but because the terminology is cumbersome with considerable duplication it is more likely once you have demonstrated that you know the key points such as the origin of the right upper lobe bronchus that the viva will move onto more applied clinical aspects. The viva You will be asked to describe the anatomy. Trachea The trachea is a tube of cartilage with a membranous lining which is continuous inferiorly with the larynx. The trachea proper is 10-11 cm long and extends downwards from the cricoid cartilage at the level of the sixth cervical vertebra as far as the sixth thoracic vertebra in full inspiration . It then divides into left and right main bronchi. Its diameter in the adult is around 20 mm. In the first year of life its diameter is 3 mm or less and increases thereafter by about 1 mmyear 1 of age until it attains adult dimensions. It comprises 16-20 C-shaped cartilages attached vertically by fibro-elastic connective tissue which helps explain the mobility of the structure. Through most of its course the trachea lies in the midline although at the bifurcation it is displaced slightly rightwards by the arch of the aorta. Anterior relations In the upper part of the neck these are confined to skin and fascia with the isthmus of the thyroid overlying the second to fourth tracheal rings. In its lower cervical course the trachea is partly overlain by the sternohyoid and sternothyroid muscles and by the jugular arch connecting the anterior jugular veins. In its thoracic course the manubrium sterni lies anteriorly as do the remnants of the thymus the inferior thyroid veins and the brachiocephalic artery. Posterior relations Posteriorly lies the oesophagus and in grooves between trachea and oesophagus run the