tailieunhanh - GIS for Coastal Zone Management - Chapter 6

Hướng dẫn Giám sát ven biển và biển: Lập bản đồ Web và các công nghệ ứng dụng di động GIÁ TRỊ TÀI biển và ven biển khu vực ven biển và biển ngày càng tăng giá trị cho phúc lợi của quốc gia. Các khu vực này cung cấp chức năng tự nhiên, xã hội và kinh tế góp phần tăng chất lượng của cuộc sống. Các đại dương là công cụ trong việc xác định khí hậu có lợi ảnh hưởng đến tất cả các sự sống trên Trái đất (Payoyo năm 1994). Chức năng tự nhiên khác. | CHAPTER SIX New Directions for Coastal and Marine Monitoring Web Mapping and Mobile Application Technologies Sam Ng ang a Macharia THE VALUE OF COASTAL AND MARINE RESOURCES Coastal and marine areas are ever increasing in value to the welfare of nations. These areas provide natural social and economic functions that contribute to increased quality of life. The oceans are instrumental in determining climate that beneficially affects all life on Earth Payoyo 1994 . Other natural functions include habitat for endangered species species breeding and resting areas water treatment groundwater recharge and flood attenuation. Some social and economic functions include tourism commercial and recreational fishing oil and gas development and construction Eckert 1979 Prescott 1985 Gomes 1998 . It is clear that coastal and marine areas are of vital importance to human life. Yet human terrestrial and marine activities have proven to have destructive effects on these areas. According to Canada s National Program of Action CNPA 2000 the major threats to the health productivity and bio-diversity of the marine environment result from human activity in the coastal areas and further inland. Approximately 80 percent of marine area contamination results from land-based activities such as municipal industrial and agricultural waste and run-off in addition to the deposition of atmospheric contaminants resulting from human industrial activities CNPA 2000 Sanger 1987 . There is a need for a wider dissemination of knowledge relevant to the importance of coastal and marine areas to the world s well-being and a reevaluation of societies attitudes towards these spaces. Good coastal and marine governance . information dissemination management monitoring etc. is therefore a key factor in the sustainable use of these environments and will require an integrated coordinated and equitable approach Crowe 2000 . If governance is about decision-making and steering then up-to-date accurate complete