tailieunhanh - Fundamentals of Risk Analysis and Risk Management - Section 2

Các ứng dụng của phân tích rủi ro Cá nhân trong và xung quanh nhà ở tiếp xúc với nhiều hóa chất từ các nguồn khác nhau tiềm năng, bao gồm các nguồn ngoài trời vào nơi cư trú, và từ các nguồn đốt và các sản phẩm tiêu dùng. Trong số các yếu tố xác định mức độ tiếp xúc với một hóa chất là những yếu tố tiếp xúc của con người (ví dụ, trọng lượng cơ thể, các loại, tần số và thời gian của các hoạt động hàng ngày khác nhau) và các yếu tố tiếp. | Section ỉỉ Applications of Risk Analysis 1997 by CRC Press Inc. CHAPTER Assessment of Residential Exposures to Chemicals Gary K. Whitmyre Jeffrey H. Driver and P. J. Bert Hakkinen SUMMARY Individuals in and around residences come in contact with a variety of chemicals from various potential sources including outdoor sources that enter the residence and from combustion sources and consumer products. Among the factors that determine the extent of exposure to a chemical are human exposure factors . body weight types frequencies and durations of various daily activities and residential exposure factors . design and properties of a residence including air exchanges per hour for the residence or the area of interest within the residence . The goal of this chapter is to provide readers with an overview of the assessment of residential exposures to chemicals. The chapter is organized as follows Key Words Introduction Overview of General Issues Lessons from the TEAM Studies Assessment of Inhalation Exposures in the Residence Assessment of Dermal Exposures in the Residence Assessment of Ingestion Exposures in the Residence Assessment of Exposures to Chemicals in Indoor Sources Principles and Case Studies Assessment of Exposures to Chemicals in Outdoor-Use Products Principles and Case Studies Data Sources for Residential Exposure Assessment Discussion and Conclusions References Questions for Students to Answer. Key Words combustion appliances consumer products heating ventilation and air conditioning system HVAC human exposure factors microenvironment residential building factors source characteristics total exposure assessment methodology TEAM volatile organic compounds VOCS 1997 by CRC Press Inc. 1. INTRODUCTION The general public is repeatedly in contact with time-varying amounts of environmental chemicals in air water food and soil. On a daily basis individuals are exposed in a variety of microenvironments that correspond to the daily activities that place .