tailieunhanh - BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE NATURAL PRODUCTS: AGROCHEMICALS - CHAPTER 10

Thu hồi cácbon của Phytotoxins bởi nhà máy: Những gợi ý cho sản xuất sinh tổng hợp Chức năng của các sản phẩm thực vật thứ nhất hoặc các chất phytochemical là không biết. Rõ ràng, thành phần hóa học của các loài thực vật khác nhau đáng kể và sự thay đổi này phần lớn là kết quả của áp lực chọn lọc từ nhiều yếu tố về môi trường và sinh học. Hiểu rõ chức năng sinh học của một phytochemical trong nhà máy sản xuất cung cấp một đầu mối mạnh là làm thế nào con người có. | 10_ Sequestration of Phytotoxins by Plants Implications for Biosynthetic Production S. O. Duke A. M. Rimando M. V. Duke R. N. Paul J. F. S. Ferreira and R. J. Smeda CONTENTS Introduction Examples Glandular Localization Subepidermal Localization Conclusions References Introduction The function of most secondary plant products or phytochemicals is unknown. Clearly the chemical composition of plant species varies considerably and this variation is largely the result of selection pressure from many environmental and biotic factors. Understanding the biological function of a phytochemical in the producing plant provides a strong clue as to how humans may benefit from the products of secondary plant metabolism. Each plant species has co-evolved with a large number of other plant species insects plant pathogens soil microbes nematodes grazing animals birds and other organisms. The response of the plant to evolutionary pressures caused by these interactions is sometimes expressed as the production of specific phytochemicals that influence the interaction in favor of the plant. For example synthesis of certain phytoalexins has evolved in response to selection pressures caused by particular plant pathogens. The selection pressures that forced the evolution of secondary biochemical pathways that produce potent chemical defenses 1 2 also resulted in the evolution of mechanisms and structures such as secretory glands to localize and sequester the compounds associated with these defenses. Sequestration can be advantageous in delivery of the phytochemical at the proper time place and event as well as in protecting the producing plant from cytotoxicity of the sequestered compound. The tissue and or cellular localization of phytochemicals can be useful in predicting function and potential biological activity. Furthermore this information can be useful in discovery of human uses of these compounds and in .