tailieunhanh - GIS for Coastal Zone Management - Chapter 14

Ứng dụng GIS quản lý ven biển: nhìn từ các nước đang phát triển Hệ thống thông tin địa lý đã cách mạng hóa cách thức thông tin / dữ liệu không gian được thu thập, lưu trữ, quản lý, và hiển thị. Trong quá khứ, việc mua lại dữ liệu không gian đã được thực hiện chủ yếu bằng máy kinh vĩ tương tự và mức độ, và việc ghi chép và lưu trữ những dữ liệu này được thực hiện theo cách tương tự. Quản lý dữ liệu là một bài tập rất cồng kềnh và màn hình hiển. | CHAPTER FOURTEEN GIS Applications In Coastal Management A View from the Developing World Peter C. Nwilo INTRODUCTION Geographic Information Systems have revolutionised the way spatial data information is acquired stored managed and displayed. In the past the acquisition of spatial data was done mainly with analogue theodolite and levels and the recording and storage of these data were done in analogue manner. Data management was a very cumbersome exercise and the display was in the form of paper maps. Recent developments in information and digital technologies communication and satellite technology and improved computing speed and computer hard disk space have impacted tremendously the way spatial data is acquired stored managed and displayed. The development has created a revolution in spatial information technology in a way never experienced before. Today virtually every human activity is spatial. Some schools of thought stipulate that in countries such as the United States and the United Kingdom as much as 7580 of all the activities is spatial. There is correlation between geospatial information technology development and economic development. Developed countries of the world are associated with high spatial information technology development. Conversely poor economic development is associated with low spatial information technology development as witnessed in developing countries of the world. The development of Geographic Information Systems and associated technologies has created and is still creating employment opportunities all over the world. It has also led to changes of curricula of training institutions and new training opportunities are being created. Transfer sharing access to and development of spatial data standards have become major issues. We now discuss spatial data infrastructure as a major requirement for development as has long been done with regards to other infrastructures such as roads rail and waterways electricity and water supplies.