tailieunhanh - báo cáo khoa học: " Coping with antibiotic resistance: contributions from genomics"

Tuyển tập báo cáo các nghiên cứu khoa học quốc tế ngành y học dành cho các bạn tham khảo đề tài: Coping with antibiotic resistance: contributions from genomics | Rossolini and Thaller Genome Medicine 2010 2 15 http content 2 2 15 Genome Medicine REVIEW Coping with antibiotic resistance contributions from genomics Gian Maria Rossolini1 and Maria Cristina Thaller2 Abstract Antibiotic resistance is a public health issue of global dimensions with a significant impact on morbidity mortality and healthcare-associated costs. The problem has recently been worsened by the steady increase in multiresistant strains and by the restriction of antibiotic discovery and development programs. Recent advances in the field of bacterial genomics will further current knowledge on antibiotic resistance and help to tackle the problem. Bacterial genomics and transcriptomics can inform our understanding of resistance mechanisms and comparative genomic analysis can provide relevant information on the evolution of resistant strains and on resistance genes and cognate genetic elements. Moreover bacterial genomics including functional and structural genomics is also proving to be instrumental in the identification of new targets which is a crucial step in new antibiotic discovery programs. Antibiotic resistance as a global public health problem The advent of antibiotics for treating bacterial infections is considered one of the major advances in modern medicine. However compared with other drugs the lifetime of antibiotics for clinical use has been substantially limited by the phenomenon of antibiotic resistance. Failures of antimicrobial chemotherapy due to resistance were observed soon after the introduction of penicillin in clinical practice and thereafter the emergence of resistance has always followed the release of new antibiotics posing a major clinical challenge and at the same time acting as a major driver for drug discovery and development in the field of antimicrobial agents. Correspondence rossolini@ department of Molecular Biology Section of Microbiology University of Siena and Clinical Microbiology Unit Siena .