tailieunhanh - báo cáo khoa học: " Multiple sclerosis: major histocompatibility complexity and antigen presentation"

Tuyển tập báo cáo các nghiên cứu khoa học quốc tế ngành y học dành cho các bạn tham khảo đề tài: Multiple sclerosis: major histocompatibility complexity and antigen presentation | Genome Medicine Commentary Multiple sclerosis major histocompatibility complexity and antigen presentation Sreeram V Ramagopalan t and George C Ebers t Addresses Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics University of Oxford Roosevelt Drive Headington Oxford OX3 7BN UK. Department of Clinical Neurology University of Oxford The West Wing John Radcliffe Hospital Oxford OX3 9DU UK. Correspondence George C Ebers. Email Abstract Multiple sclerosis MS like many putative autoimmune diseases has been known to be associated with the human leukocyte antigen HLA class II region for more than 3 decades. However exactly how HLA class II alleles increase the risk of MS is not yet conclusively known. Recent work in large human cohorts has highlighted the fact that nearly all common HLA-DRB1 allelotypes are either positively or negatively associated with the disease detracting from allele-specific antigen presentation as the sole mechanism of MHC associated disease susceptibility. Here we put into context recent data on the HLA class II region in MS including allelic heterogeneity geneenvironment interactions and epigenetics. It is clear that a complete understanding of the epistatic interactions and epigenetic features of this region will be crucial to comprehending disease pathogenesis. Introduction Multiple sclerosis MS as a disease has been recognized for well over a century but relatively little is understood about its cause. MS is a putative autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system characterized by inflammatory demyelination varying degrees of axonal pathology and progressive neurological dysfunction. Risk factors associated with the disease appear to exert effects many years before the clinical onset of MS lending credence to the idea of a causal cascade in MS development. Genetic-epidemiological studies point unequivocally to large genetic and environmental influences on susceptibility 1 . An association between MS and alleles of the .