tailieunhanh - Báo cáo hóa học: " Project summary: a critical synopsis of mechanisms of action of low-dose xenobiotics in mammalian organisms as a basis for assessing aggregated effects of chemical mixtures and identifying “new” toxicological end points"

Tuyển tập báo cáo các nghiên cứu khoa học quốc tế ngành hóa học dành cho các bạn yêu hóa học tham khảo đề tài: Project summary: a critical synopsis of mechanisms of action of low-dose xenobiotics in mammalian organisms as a basis for assessing aggregated effects of chemical mixtures and identifying “new” toxicological end points | Heine et al. Environmental Sciences Europe 2011 23 27 http content 23 1 27 o Environmental Sciences Europe a SpringerOpen Journal RESEARCH Open Access Project summary a critical synopsis of mechanisms of action of low-dose xenobiotics in mammalian organisms as a basis for assessing aggregated effects of chemical mixtures and identifying new toxicological end points Karin Heine 1 Ali Taghavi2 and Fritz Kalberlah1 Abstract Background European chemicals legislation registration evaluation authorisation and restriction of chemical substances REACH requires a broad assessment of chemicals with respect to inter alia their health-relevant properties. Due to the extreme number of substances to be assessed and the limited current toxicological knowledge on their respective properties REACH implicitly requires a paradigm change away from knowledge generated mainly from costly animal experiments towards the use of mechanistic findings. Moreover effect mechanisms at the biochemical or cellular level are essential when conclusions shall be drawn about new endpoints and mixtures of xenobiotics. This study funded by the German Federal Environment Agency describes examples of biochemical processes in the mammalian organism and how xenobiotics interfere with them. Interference with physiological processes expected to lead to adverse health effects is characterised as toxicity pathway . The study describes toxicological endpoints not usually covered in routine animal testing and the respective toxicity pathways. Results and conclusions Screening for chemicals which exert effects via common toxicity pathways and subsequently conducting targeted short-term tests may generate new information about the toxicity of chemicals without performing extensive substance-by-substance animal experiments. Information on common toxicity pathways may also provide input for the assessment of mixture effects. The . Environmental Protection Agency is working intensely on this .