tailieunhanh - Forced Concubinage’ in Zimbabwe

Reviews commonly practiced, & often egregious, forms of child labor: the exploitation of children in commercial agriculture & fishing industries producing primarily for export & forced or bonded child labor. Discusses educational, economic, familial, governmental, & societal factors contributing to the use of child labor. Looks at working conditions, health & safety, & terms of employment of children. Examines the situations of forced child labor including debt bondage & the trafficking, sale & fraudulent recruitment of children. The study provides regional & specific industrial profiles. Coun. | Forced Concubinage in Zimbabwe Report produced for the Women s Programme of the Research and Advocacy Unit April 2011 1 2 Introduction Forced concubinage as the phrase suggests is a situation in which women are coerced into a sexual partnership with a man and or compelled to perform the wifely duties expected by the partnered male. Involuntary or forced concubinage may take the form of sexual slavery human trafficking rape and other forms of sexual violence. It occurs predominantly but not exclusively in areas of conflict whether violent or non-violent. Forced concubinage is a gross violation of human rights which must be prevented and if it occurs must be investigated and punished. In Zimbabwe forced concubinage is manifest in two main forms namely politically motivated rape of women and human trafficking. This piece seeks to reiterate the obligations of the state with regard to these forms of violence and to recommend some of the possible ways of addressing the violations. Background to forced concubinage Rape and sexual violence have accompanied warfare in virtually every known historical Before the 19th century military circles supported the notion that all persons including unarmed women and children were still the enemy with the belligerent having conquering rights over That to the victor goes the spoils was accepted and women were regarded as such Institutionalised sexual slavery and enforced prostitution have been documented in a number of wars one of the most well known examples being comfort women - a euphemism for the close to 200 000 women who served in the Japanese army s brothels as sex slaves during the Second World War and were subjected to many forms of The war crime Tribunals in Yugoslavia and Rwanda revealed that combatants used rape and sexual assault as a means of waging war and helped focus the world s attention on this horrendous facet of In Bosnia-Herzegovina mass rapes and the forced impregnations of .