tailieunhanh - báo cáo khoa học: " Berry skin development in Norton grape: Distinct patterns of transcriptional regulation and flavonoid biosynthesis"

Tuyển tập báo cáo các nghiên cứu khoa học quốc tế ngành y học dành cho các bạn tham khảo đề tài: Berry skin development in Norton grape: Distinct patterns of transcriptional regulation and flavonoid biosynthesis | Ali et al. BMC Plant Biology 2011 11 7 http 1471-2229 11 7 BMC Plant Biology RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Berry skin development in Norton grape Distinct patterns of transcriptional regulation and flavonoid biosynthesis 1 3 2 I 2 1 Mohammad B Ali 1 Susanne Howard Shangwu Chen Yechun Wang Oliver Yu Laszlo G Kovacs Wenping Qiu1 Abstract Background The complex and dynamic changes during grape berry development have been studied in V7T S vinifera but little is known about these processes in other Vitis species. The grape variety Norton with a major portion of its genome derived from Vitis aestivalis maintains high levels of malic acid and phenolic acids in the ripening berries in comparison with V. vinifera varieties such as Cabernet Sauvignon. Furthermore Norton berries develop a remarkably high level of resistance to most fungal pathogens while Cabernet Sauvignon berries remain susceptible to those pathogens. The distinct characteristics of Norton and Cabernet Sauvignon merit a comprehensive analysis of transcriptional regulation and metabolite pathways. Results A microarray study was conducted on transcriptome changes of Norton berry skin during the period of 37 to 127 days after bloom which represents berry developmental phases from herbaceous growth to full ripeness. Samples of six berry developmental stages were collected. Analysis of the microarray data revealed that a total of 3 352 probe sets exhibited significant differences at transcript levels with two-fold changes between at least two developmental stages. Expression profiles of defense-related genes showed a dynamic modulation of nucleotide-binding site-leucine-rich repeat NBS-LRR resistance genes and pathogenesis-related PR genes during berry development. Transcript levels of PR-1 in Norton berry skin clearly increased during the ripening phase. As in other grapevines genes of the phenylpropanoid pathway were up-regulated in Norton as the berry developed. The most noticeable was