tailieunhanh - MACHINERY'S HANDBOOK 27th ED Part 9

Tham khảo tài liệu 'machinery's handbook 27th ed part 9', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | Machinery s Handbook 27th Edition PUNCHES DIES AND PRESS WORK 1331 and shearing ordinary metals not over 14 inch thick the speeds usually range between 50 and 200 strokes per minute 100 strokes per minute being a fair average. For punching metal over 4 inch thick geared presses with speeds ranging from 25 to 75 strokes per minute are commonly employed. The cutting pressures required depend upon the shearing strength of the material and the actual area of the surface being severed. For round holes the pressure required equals the circumference of the hole X the thickness of the stock X the shearing strength. To allow for some excess pressure the tensile strength may be substituted for the shearing strength the tensile strength for these calculations may be roughly assumed as folloWs Mild steel 60 000 wrought iron 50 000 bronze 40 000 copper 30 000 aluminum 20 000 zinc 10 000 and tin and lead 5 000 pounds per square inch. Pressure Required for Punching. The formula for the force in tons required to punch a circular hole in sheet steel is nDST 2000 where S the shearing strength of the material in lb T thickness of the steel in inches and 2000 is the number of lb in 1 ton. An approximate formula is DT X 80 where D and T are the diameter of the hole and the thickness of the steel respectively both in inches and 80 is a factor for steel. The result is the force in tons. Example Find the pressure required to punch a hole 2 inches in diameter through 4-in. thick steel. By applying the approximate formula 2 X 4 X 80 40 tons. If the hole is not circular replace the hole diameter with the value of one-third of the perimeter of the hole to be punched. Example Find the pressure required to punch a 1-inch square hole in 4-in. thick steel. The total length of the hole perimeter is 4 in. and one-third of 4 in. is 14 in. so the force is 14 X 4 X 80 26 23 tons. The corresponding factor for punching holes in brass is 65 instead of 80. So to punch a hole measuring 1 by 2 inches .

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